What do phonological disorders primarily affect?

Phonological disorders primarily impact the ability to distinguish specific phonemes. Phonology involves the sound system of a language, which includes the rules and patterns that govern how sounds are organized and used. Children with phonological disorders may have difficulty recognizing and manipulating phonemes, which can affect their ability to produce words correctly or differentiate between similar sounds. This difficulty can lead to issues with speech clarity and overall communication skills.

Understanding phonemes is crucial for developing effective reading skills, as phonemic awareness is a foundational element in literacy. When children struggle to perceive or manipulate these sounds due to a phonological disorder, it can significantly influence their language development and academic performance.