What area does orthography specifically pertain to?

Orthography specifically pertains to the conventions and rules associated with writing a language, which primarily includes spelling and capitalization, but does not encompass punctuation. The study of orthography is concerned with how letters and symbols are used to represent sounds and convey meaning in written form.

While spelling is directly related to orthography as it focuses on the correct arrangement of letters in words, capitalization is another essential aspect, as it dictates when letters should be uppercase. Punctuation, however, pertains to the use of symbols to clarify meaning in sentences but is considered a separate aspect distinct from orthography.

Thus, the correct answer emphasizes that orthography deals primarily with the rules surrounding spelling and capitalization, making this the best choice.